The dataset encompasses crucial economic information for each country and continent worldwide, spanning five-year intervals from 1962 to 2007. This data pertains to:
| Country.Name | Year | Agriculture..value.added….of.GDP. | CO2.emissions..metric.tons.per.capita. | Domestic.credit.provided.by.financial.sector….of.GDP. | Electric.power.consumption..kWh.per.capita. | Energy.use..kg.of.oil.equivalent.per.capita. | Exports.of.goods.and.services….of.GDP. | Fertility.rate..total..births.per.woman. | GDP.growth..annual… | Imports.of.goods.and.services….of.GDP. | Industry..value.added….of.GDP. | Inflation..GDP.deflator..annual… | Life.expectancy.at.birth..total..years. | Population.density..people.per.sq..km.of.land.area. | Services..etc…value.added….of.GDP. | pop | continent | gdpPercap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 1962 | NA | 0.0737813 | 21.276422 | NA | NA | 4.878051 | 7.450 | NA | 9.349593 | NA | NA | 33.21990 | 14.31206 | NA | 10267083 | Asia | 853.1007 |
| Afghanistan | 1967 | NA | 0.1237824 | 9.917662 | NA | NA | 6.772908 | 7.450 | NA | 14.209827 | NA | NA | 35.38941 | 15.88181 | NA | 11537966 | Asia | 836.1971 |
| Afghanistan | 1972 | NA | 0.1308201 | 18.880833 | NA | NA | 14.763231 | 7.450 | NA | 18.105850 | NA | NA | 37.61015 | 17.94703 | NA | 13079460 | Asia | 739.9811 |
| Afghanistan | 1977 | NA | 0.1831183 | 13.836822 | NA | NA | 11.662904 | 7.449 | NA | 14.823175 | NA | NA | 40.11015 | 19.99893 | NA | 14880372 | Asia | 786.1134 |
| Afghanistan | 1982 | NA | 0.1658791 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.450 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 43.23073 | 19.40232 | NA | 12881816 | Asia | 978.0114 |
| Afghanistan | 1987 | NA | 0.2755603 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.461 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 47.29634 | 17.36656 | NA | 13867957 | Asia | 852.3959 |
The correlation between CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) and GDP is highly significant, demonstrating a robust statistical strength, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.93 and an almost negligible p-value.
## [1] "Correlation between CO2 emissions and GDP is:0.926 with a p-value:1.12867922100394e-46"
## The year with the strongest correlation between CO2 Emmissions
## and GDP Per Capita is: 1967
Interactive plot
## Relationship Between Continent and Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
To understand the relationship between the categorical variable (“continent”) and the continuous variable (“Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)”), we can use analysis of variance (ANOVA) or perform a visual analysis using violin plots.
## 3.732041e-21
This extremely low p-value indicates that there is a statistically significant relationship between”continent” and “Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita).”
Since there’s only one measurement available for each country per year,
the total importation used in Europe and Asia remains independent. Given
this independence, we can choose a paired t-test to analyze any
potential differences between the energy usage in the two regions.
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: europe_data and asia_data
## t = 0.28512, df = 4.7615, p-value = 0.7875
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -352.9054 439.4718
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 1190.993 1147.710
Due to the high p-value obtained from the t-test, we can conclude that there no substantial and statistically significant distinctions in the total importations of goods and services between Europe and Asia, spanning the time frame from 1990 onward.